WEBJul 31, 2023 · Environmental Impact Assessment, commonly known as EIA, is a significant process which evaluates the potential environmental impliions of a proposed development. The EIA process not only assesses the environmental consequences, but it also takes into account the interconnected socioeconomic, cultural, and health impacts.
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WEBoutside the mining area for placement and storage. In the Midwest, where the surface topography and coal seams are generally flat, it is common to employ area strip mining in which the fragmented overburden is placed directly by large draglines in the space created where coal has been mined ().In some situations in the eastern United States, a coal .
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WEBDec 21, 2018 · Despite a ban, rathole mining remains a prevalent practice for coal mining in Meghalaya, where a mine has recently collapsed. Rat hole mining involves digging of very small tunnels, usually only 34 feet high, which workers (often children) enter and extract coal.; The National Green Tribunal (NGT) banned it in 2014, on grounds of it .
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WEBMar 1, 2024 · The Nagaland Coal mining policy, established in 2006, permits rathole mining due to the stered nature of coal deposits, making largescale operations unfeasible. Rathole mining is a method of extracting coal from narrow horizontal tunnels or ratholes, which are often dug by hand and are prone to accidents and environmental .
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WEBJul 6, 2020 · Some private miners were found to be using unscientific coal mining practices and providing poor working conditions for labour. This led to the Central Government to nationalise private coalmines. The nationalisation was done in two phases, from . The Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, 1973 was enacted for this purpose.
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WEBJan 20, 2024 · Land Degradation: Rathole mining results in erosion of topsoil. This leaves a large tract of land scarred and barren. Air Pollution: Rathole mines, usually, lack proper ventilation. Also, by making coal available, it promotes coal burning. All these exacerbate the problem of air pollution.
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WEBMar 9, 2024 · Economic Considerations: Coal mining and related industries support millions of jobs and contribute significantly to India's economy. A sudden shift away from coal could result in job losses and economic instability in coaldependent regions. Also, currently, renewable energy sources like solar and wind are not as costeffective as coal.
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WEBFeb 9, 2022 · The process involves gasifiion of coal, which in turn will produce synthetic gas (a mix of CO+H2). The synthetic gas can be liquefied to its fuel equivalent in presence of cobalt/ironbased alysts at higher pressure and temperature. However, liquefied coal emits twice as much CO2 as burning oil. It also emits a large volume of SO2.
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WEBNov 19, 2021 · The process requires around 5 to 9 million litres of water per extraction activity, posing a daunting challenge to India's fresh water resources. Tight Oil. Definition: Tight oil is light crude oil contained in petroleumbearing formations of low permeability, often shale or tight sandstone. Production:
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WEBNov 30, 2023 · As the cutting head of the auger bites into the coalface, the cut coal is carried out by the screw portion of the bit. Once the hole is mined to its required depth, the auger machine is moved a few feet and another hole is drilled. Rat hole mining: Rathole mining involves digging tunnels 34 feet deep, barely allowing workers to crawl in and out.
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WEBJan 5, 2024 · Coking Coal. Coking coal (or metallurgical coal) is a bituminous coal with a suitable quality that allows the production of metallurgical coke, or simply named coke. Coking coal has a higher carbon content than steam coal, as well as a lower level of sulphur, phosphorous and alkalis (World Coal Institute 2009).
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WEBJun 23, 2023 · Coal India Ltd (CIL) is a public sector undertaking that is the largest coal producer and supplier in India. It operates under the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, of 1973, which gives it a monopoly over coal mining and distribution in the country. CIL was a fully governmentowned entity until it's disinvestment in 2010.
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WEBNov 3, 2015 · Captive Mining Policy is there in place since 1970s but it became a major policy only after 1993. In 1970s, all the coal mining private leases were terminated via the Coal Mines (Nationalization) Amendment Act 1976 but some exceptions were allowed because the nationalized coal companies were unable to fully meet demand.
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WEBThe world's largest coal mining company, Coal India Limited (CIL), provides about 85% of India's domestic coal production. Orissa is the secondlargest state in terms of coal reserves, but it is also the thirdlargest coal producer, accounting for just over 15% of the country's total coal production. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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WEBShale Gas refers to the natural gas that is trapped within shale formations. Lately Shale gas has become an important source of fuel in the United States and the rest of the world itself has taken interest in the shale formations within their geographical boundaries. For more details on the exam conducted by UPSC, candidates can visit the link ...
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WEBOct 31, 2023 · Coal is a vital source of energy for India's economy. It powers 55% of the country's energy needs and generates 72% of India's electricity . Coal is also a vital source of jobs and economic growth. Government Revenue. Coal mining and related activities generate significant revenue for the government through royalties, cesses, levies, and ...
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WEBDaily Current Affairs : 29November2023 Rathole mining, a perilous practice in the extraction of coal, has recently gained attention due to its use in rescuing trapped workers in the Uttarkashi tunnel. This essay delves into the intricacies of rathole mining, exploring its types, associated concerns, legal status, and the reasons behind its persistence. .
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WEBJul 22, 2023 · India's Scope in Mining Sector: India ranks 4th globally in terms of iron ore production and is the world's 2nd largest coal producer as of 2021. Combined Aluminium production (primary and secondary) in India stood at MT per annum in FY21 becoming the 2nd largest in the world.
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WEBJun 13, 2020 · The Parliament recently passed the Mineral Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2020. The mining sector in India has been going under a face change since last year as the government took a series of actions regarding the mining sector. In the fourth tranche of the Atmanirbhar economic package, the Finance Minister spelled out reforms in the .
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WEBFeb 17, 2021 · CCUS is the process of capturing waste CO 2, transporting it to a storage site and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere. Coal Burning and Pollution. Coal Formation: Formed deep underground over thousands of years of heat and pressure, coal is a carbonrich black rock that releases energy when burned. Air Pollution:
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WEBThe Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2015 was introduced in Lok Sabha in 2015 to amend the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. This Act regulates the mining sector in India and notifies the essential prerequisites for acquiring and giving license to commence Mining operations. .
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WEBApr 25, 2024 · Coal Sector in Indian Economy: The Indian coal sector is one of the 8 core sectors contributing heavily to the economic development of India.; In India, there are 4 grades of coal available: Lignite, Bituminous, SubBituminous, and Anthracite, and out of which Anthracite is the highest grade of coal.; More than 70% of Coal reserves in India .
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WEBCoalbed methane, coalbed gas, coal seam gas or coalmine methane is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds. In recent decades it has become an important source of energy in United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries. The term refers to methane adsorbed into the solid matrix of the coal. It is called 'sweet gas' because of its ...
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WEBApr 16, 2024 · About Hydrocarbons. The term 'hydrocarbon' means compounds of carbon and hydrogen only. Hydrocarbons are the critical energy storage molecules within all major types of fossil fuels (including coal, oil, and natural gas) and biofuels. Burning hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen (O2) produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
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WEBCommercial mining allows the private sector to mine coal commercially without placing any enduse restrictions. The private firms have the option of either gasifiion of the coal or exporting it. They can also use it in their own enduse plants or sell them in the markets. The government expects more than Rs 33,000 crore of capital ...
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WEBIndustrial processing of coal yields useful products like Coke, coal tar, and Coal gas. Coke: Coke is a rigid, porous, and black substance. It is the purest form of carbon. Coke is used in the manufacturing of steel and the extraction of metals. Coal Tar . Coal tar is a black and thick liquid with an unpleasant smell.
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WEBFeb 8, 2024 · Source: The post phasing out fossil fuels equitably has been created, based on the article "Equity concerns in banning fossil fuel extraction" published in "The Hindu" on 8th February 2024.. UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3 – Environment – Environmental pollution and degradation, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) News: The article .
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WEBJan 21, 2024 · A3: UPSC NCERT notes on Geography cover various types of mineral resources, including metallic minerals (like iron, copper, and gold), nonmetallic minerals (such as limestone and gypsum), and energy resources like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The notes provide insights into their occurrence, extraction methods, and .
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WEBNov 26, 2019 · What is coalbed methane (CBM)? It is an unconventional form of natural gas found in coal deposits or coal seams. CMB is formed during the process of coalifiion, the transformation of plant material into coal. CBM can be used. In Power generation. As Compressed natural gas (CNG) auto fuel.
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WEBOct 18, 2022 · According to Global Energy Monitor (GEM) Report, India's Coal Mines are severely underutilized amid push for new ones. GEM is a firm that tracks fuelsource utilization globally. It studies the evolving international energy landscape, creating databases, reports, and interactive tools that enhance understanding.
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WEBOct 11, 2023 · Natural gas hydrates are a mixture of icelike forms of water and gas in molecular cavities. As a result of their abundance and benefits in addressing upcoming energyrelated challenges, natural gas hydrates are gaining more and more attention in the energy sector. The world has been facing an energy crisis with a consistent rise in oil .
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WEBCoal Bed Methane refers to methane that is adsorbed into the solid matrix of the coal. It is also called 'Sweet Gas' because of its lack of hydrogen sulfide. The presence of this gas is well known for its occurrence in underground coal mining, where it presents a serious safety risk. The process of anaerobic methane fermentation forms Coal Bed ...
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WEBJun 7, 2021 · Detailed Solution. The correct answer is option 4, Wastetoenergy technologies. Pyrolysis is a process of chemically decomposing organic materials at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The process typically occurs at temperatures above 430 °C and under pressure. It is commonly used to convert organic .
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WEBShale oil extraction methods: Mined shale oils are transported to the processing plants, heated to 500 O C, and oil comes out from these rocks. Situ technique: Oil shale is broken by explosion and Kerogen comes out like crude oil from these rocks. Negative Consequences by using the Shale Gas: It requires large amounts of water, on an .
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